I-WHO IQela leeNgcebiso zeQhinga leeNgcali (SAGE)kuGonyo ukhuphe izindululo zeThutyana zokusetyenziswa kwesitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo se-COVID-19, iSinovac-CoronaVac, ephuhliswe yiSinovac/China National Pharmaceutical Group.

Ngubani ofanele ukugonywa kuqala?

Ngelixa izitofu zokugonya i-COVID-19 zilinganiselwe, abasebenzi bezempilo abasengozini enkulu yokuvezwa kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka babekwe phambili kugonyo.

Amazwe angabhekisa kwiImephu yendlela yokubekwa phambili kwe-WHOkwaye iWHO Values ​​Frameworknjengesikhokelo sokubekwa phambili kwawo kumaqela ekujoliswe kuwo.

Isitofu sokugonya asikhuthazwa kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, kulinde iziphumo zophononongo oluthe kratya kwelo qela lobudala.

Ngaba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka bagonywe?

Idatha ekhoyo yesitofu sokugonya i-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ayonelanga ukuvavanya ukuba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza okanye imingcipheko enokubakho enxulumene nesitofu ekukhulelweni.Nangona kunjalo, olu gonyo sisitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo esine-adjuvant esiqhele ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izitofu ezininzi ezineprofayili yokhuseleko ebhalwe kakuhle, efana nezitofu zokugonya zeHepatitis B kunye neTetanus, kubandakanywa nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.Ukusebenza kogonyo lwe-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ke ngoko kulindeleke ukuba kuthelekiswe naleyo ibonwa kwabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga abakwiminyaka efanayo.Uphononongo olongezelelweyo kulindeleke ukuba luvavanye ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina komzimba kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Okwangoku, i-WHO icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isitofu sokugonya i-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo xa izibonelelo zokugonya kowasetyhini okhulelweyo zingaphezu kweengozi ezinokubakho.Ukunceda abasetyhini abakhulelweyo benze olu vavanyo, kufuneka banikwe ulwazi malunga nobungozi be-COVID-19 ekukhulelweni;iinzuzo ezinokubakhona zogonyo kwimeko ye-epidemiological yendawo;kunye nemida yangoku yedatha yokhuseleko kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo.I-WHO ayicebisi uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokugonywa.I-WHO ayikukhuthazi ukubambezeleka kokukhulelwa okanye kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokugonywa.

Ngubani omnye onokuthatha isitofu sokugonya?

Ugonyo luyacetyiswa kubantu abanezigulo ezichongiweyo njengokwandisa umngcipheko we-COVID-19, kubandakanya ukutyeba, isifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sokuphefumla.

Isitofu sokugonya sinokunikwa abantu ababene-COVID-19 kwixesha elidlulileyo.Idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba ukuphinda usuleleke ngeempawu akunakwenzeka kwaba bantu ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kosulelo lwendalo.Ngenxa yoko, banokukhetha ukulibazisa ugonyo ukuze kusondele ukuphela kweli xesha, ngakumbi xa isitofu sokugonya silinganiselwe.Kwiimeko apho ukwahluka kweenkxalabo kunye nobungqina bokuphunyuka kwamajoni omzimba kujikeleza ugonyo lwakwangoko emva kokuba usulelo lunokucetyiswa.

Ukusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya kulindeleke ukuba kufane kwabasetyhini abancancisayo njengabanye abantu abadala.I-WHO icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19 iSinovac-CoronaVac ekuncanciseni abasetyhini njengabanye abantu abadala.I-WHO ayicebisi ukuyeka ukuncancisa emva kokugonywa.

Abantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo (human immunodeficiency virus) (HIV) okanye abangenamajoni omzimba basengozini enkulu yesifo esimandundu se-COVID-19.Abantu abanjalo abazange babandakanywe kulingo lwezonyango olwazisa uphononongo lwe-SAGE, kodwa xa kujongwa isitofu sokugonya esingaphindaphindiyo, abantu abaphila ne-HIV okanye abangenamajoni omzimba kwaye inxalenye yeqela elicetyiswayo logonyo banokugonywa.Ulwazi kunye neengcebiso, naphi na apho kunokwenzeka, kufuneka zinikezelwe ukwazisa uvavanyo lomngcipheko womntu ngamnye.

Ngoobani isitofu esingakhuthazwayo?

Abantu abanembali ye-anaphylaxis kulo naliphi na icandelo lesitofu sokugonya akufanele bathathe.

Abantu abane-PCR eqinisekisiweyo ye-COVID-19 akufuneki ukuba bagonywe de kube emva kokuba bepholile kwisigulo esiqatha kwaye neendlela zokuphelisa ukubekwa bodwa ziye zahlangatyezwa.

Nabani na onobushushu bomzimba obungaphezulu kwe-38.5°C kufuneka alubeke elinye ixesha ugonyo de angabinafiva.

Ithini idosi ecetyiswayo?

I-SAGE icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isitofu sokugonya i-Sinovac-CoronaVac njengeedosi ezi-2 (0.5 ml) ezinikwe nge-intramuscularly.I-WHO icebisa isithuba seeveki ezi-2-4 phakathi kwedosi yokuqala neyesibini.Kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abantu abagonyiweyo bafumane iidosi ezimbini.

Ukuba idosi yesibini ilawulwa ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-2 emva kokuqala, idosi ayifuni ukuphinda iphindwe.Ukuba ukulawulwa kwedosi yesibini kulibaziseke ngaphezu kweeveki ezi-4, kufuneka kunikwe ngokukhawuleza ithuba elinokwenzeka.

Ingaba esi sitofu sithelekiseka njani nezinye izitofu esele zisetyenziswa?

Asinako ukuthelekisa izitofu zokugonya intloko ukuya-entloko ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezithathiweyo ekuyileni izifundo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa lilonke, zonke izitofu ezithe zafikelela kuLuhlu lokuSebenzisa oluNgxamisekileyo lwe-WHO zisebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni isifo esiqatha kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-COVID-19. .

Ngaba ikhuselekile?

I-SAGE ivavanye ngokucokisekileyo idatha kumgangatho, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya kwaye uye wacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-18 nangaphezulu.

Idatha yokhuseleko okwangoku ilinganiselwe kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala (ngenxa yenani elincinane labathathi-nxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango).

Ngelixa kungekho mahluko kwiprofayili yokhuseleko yesitofu sokugonya kubantu abadala xa kuthelekiswa namaqela aselula anokulindeleka, amazwe acinga ukusebenzisa olu gonyo kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 kufuneka agcine uhlolo olusebenzayo lokhuseleko.

Njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-EUL, iSinovac izibophelele ekuqhubeni ingenise idatha yokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho kwizilingo eziqhubekayo zokugonya kunye nokukhutshwa kwabantu, kubandakanywa nabantu abadala.

Ingaba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kangakanani?

Ulingo olukhulu lwenqanaba lesi-3 eBrazil lubonise ukuba iidosi ezimbini, ezilawulwa ngesithuba seentsuku ezili-14, zisebenza nge-51% ngokuchasene nosulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 oluneempawu, i-100% ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 eqatha, kunye ne-100% ngokuchasene nokulaliswa esibhedlele ukuqala nge-14. iintsuku emva kokufumana idosi yesibini.

Ngaba iyasebenza ngokuchasene neentlobo ezintsha zentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2?

Kuphononongo loqwalaselo, ukusebenza okuqikelelweyo kweSinovac-CoronaVac kubasebenzi bezempilo eManaus, eBrazil, apho i-P.1 ibalelwa kuma-75% eisampulu ze-SARS-CoV-2 yayingama-49.6% ngokuchasene nosulelo oluneempawu (4).Ukusebenza kuye kwaboniswa kwisifundo sokuqwalasela eSao Paulo phambi kokujikeleza kwe-P1 (83% yeesampuli).

Uvavanyo kwiindawo apho i-P.2 yeNgcaciso yeNgcaciso yayijikeleza ngokubanzi-kwakhona e-Brazil-ingqikelelo yokusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya se-49.6% ilandela ubuncinane idosi enye kwaye yabonisa i-50.7% kwiiveki ezimbini emva kwedosi yesibini.Njengoko idatha entsha ifumaneka, i-WHO iya kuhlaziya iingcebiso ngokufanelekileyo.

I-SAGE okwangoku icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe esi sitofu, ngokwe-WHO Prioritization Roadmap.

Ngaba iyaluthintela usulelo kunye nosulelo?

Okwangoku akukho datha ibambekayo ekhoyo enxulumene nempembelelo yesitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19 iSinovac-CoronaVac ekusasazeni i-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela isifo se-COVID-19.

Okwangoku, i-WHO ikhumbuza ngesidingo sokuhlala kwikhosi kwaye uqhubeke nokuziqhelanisa nezempilo yoluntu kunye nentlalontle ekufuneka isetyenziswe njengendlela ebanzi yokuthintela usulelo kunye nosulelo.La manyathelo abandakanya ukunxiba imaski, ukuhamba kude ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuhlamba izandla, ukuphefumla kunye nokucoceka kokukhohlela, ukuphepha izihlwele kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwaneleyo ngokweengcebiso zelizwe lasekhaya.