Zininzi iindlela zokutyisa nokulawula iinkomo zobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa

Ixesha lokuncancisa kwenkomo zobisi lelona nqanaba liphambili lokuzala kwenkomo zobisi.Imveliso yobisi ngelixesha iphezulu, yenza ngaphezu kwe 40% yobisi lulonke oluveliswayo ngexesha lonke lokuncancisa, kwaye nomzimba wenkomo zobisi kweli nqanaba utshintshile.Ukuba isondlo kunye nolawulo alufanelekanga, Iinkomo aziyi kuphumelela kuphela ukufikelela kwixesha eliphezulu lokuvelisa ubisi, ixesha lokuvelisa ubisi lihlala ixesha elifutshane, kodwa liya kuchaphazela impilo yenkomo.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza ukutyisa nokulawulwa kweenkomo zobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa, ukuze ukuncancisa kweenkomo zobisi kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ixesha lencopho yokuvelisa ubisi liya kwandiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. , ngaloo ndlela kwandisa imveliso yobisi kunye nokuqinisekisa impilo yeenkomo zobisi.

Incopho yokuncancisa kwiinkomo zobisi ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-21 ukuya kwezili-100 emva kokuzala.Iimpawu zenkomo zobisi kweli nqanaba kukuthanda ukutya okulungileyo, imfuno ephezulu yezakhamzimba, ukutya okuninzi, kunye nokuncancisa okuphezulu.Ukungoneli kwesondlo kuya kuchaphazela umsebenzi wokuncancisa kweenkomo zobisi.Ixesha lokuncancisa lelona xesha libalulekileyo lokuzala kwenkomo zobisi.Ukuveliswa kobisi kweli nqanaba kubalela ngaphezu kwe 40% yobisi lwemveliso ngalo lonke ixesha lokuncancisa, nto leyo eyayanyaniswa nemveliso yobisi ngalo lonke ixesha lokuncancisa kwaye inxulumene nempilo yeenkomo.Ukomeleza isondlo kunye nolawulo lwenkomo zobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa ngundoqo wokuqinisekisa izivuno eziphezulu zeenkomo zobisi.Ngoko ke, ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo kufuneka kuqiniswe ukukhuthaza ukukhula ngokupheleleyo kokuncancisa kweenkomo zobisi, nokwandisa ixesha lokuncancisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa impilo yeenkomo zobisi..

1. Iimpawu zokutshintsha komzimba ngexesha le-lactation ephezulu

Umzimba weenkomo zobisi uya kutshintsha ngexesha lokuncancisa, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuncancisa, ukuveliswa kobisi kuya kwandiswa kakhulu, kwaye nomzimba uya kuba notshintsho olukhulu.Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, umzimba kunye namandla omzimba asetyenziswa kakhulu.Ukuba yinkomo esebenza ixesha elide, ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi.Idityaniswe ne-postpartum lactation, i-calcium yegazi kwinkomo iya kuphuma emzimbeni kunye nobisi kwixabiso elikhulu, ngaloo ndlela Umsebenzi wokugaya weenkomo zobisi uyancipha, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwangemva kokubeleka kweenkomo zobisi. .Kweli nqanaba, imveliso yobisi yenkomo yobisi ikwincopho yayo.Ukwanda kwemveliso yobisi kuzakukhokelela ekwenyukeni kwemfuno yesondlo seenkomo zobisi, kwaye ukutyiwa kwezakha mzimba akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesondlo senkomo zobisi ukuze zivelise ubisi oluphezulu.Izakusebenzisa amandla omzimba ukuvelisa ubisi, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba ubunzima benkomo zobisi buqalise ukuhla.Ukuba inkomo yobisi isondlo sexesha elide asanelanga, iinkomo zobisi zilahlekelwa bubunzima obuninzi ngexesha lokuncancisa, nto leyo eya kubangela iziphumo ezingathandekiyo kakhulu.Ukusebenza kokuzala kunye nokuncancisa kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu.Ngoko ke, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqhutywe ukutya okujoliswe kuko ngokwenzululwazi ngokweempawu eziguqukayo zenyama yenkomo zobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba zitya izondlo ezaneleyo kwaye ziphinde zibe sempilweni ngokukhawuleza.

2. Ukutya ngexesha lokuncancisa

Kwiinkomo zobisi kwincopho yokuncancisa, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokutyisa ngokwemeko eyiyo.Ezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo zokutyisa zingakhethwa.

(1) Indlela yenzuzo yexesha elifutshane

Le ndlela ifaneleke ngakumbi iinkomo ngemveliso yobisi ephakathi.Kukonyusa unikezelo lwesondlo sokutya ngexesha lokuncancisa kwenkomo yobisi, ukuze inkomo yobisi ikwazi ukufumana izondlo ezaneleyo ukomeleza ukuveliswa kobisi lwenkomo yobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqala kwiintsuku ezingama-20 emva kokuba inkomo izaliwe.Emva kokuba inkomo ifuna ukutya kunye nokutya okubuyela esiqhelweni, ngokwesiseko sokugcinwa kwesondlo sokuqala, umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuxutywa okuphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwe-2 kg uyongezwa ukuze usebenze "njengokutya okuphambili" ukwandisa imveliso yobisi ngexesha lexesha eliphezulu lokutya. ukuncancisa kwenkomo yobisi.Ukuba kukho ukwanda okuqhubekayo ekuveliseni ubisi emva kokunyusa ukugxila, kufuneka uqhubeke ukukwandisa emva kweveki e-1 yokutyisa, kwaye wenze umsebenzi omhle wokuqwalasela ukuveliswa kobisi lweenkomo, de ubisi lwenkomo lungabikho. iphakama, yeka Concentrate eyongezelelweyo.

(2) Indlela yokuzala ekhokelwayo

Ilungele kakhulu iinkomo zobisi ezivelisa kakhulu.Ukusetyenziswa kwalendlela kwiinkomo zobisi ezinemveliso ephakathi ukuya kwesezantsi kungenza lula ukuba ubunzima benkomo zobisi bunyuke, kodwa ayizilungelanga iinkomo zobisi.Le ndlela isebenzisa amandla aphezulu, ukutya okuneprotheyini ephezulu ukondla iinkomo zobisi ngexesha elithile, ngalo ndlela inyusa kakhulu imveliso yobisi kwiinkomo zobisi.Ukuphunyezwa kwalo mthetho kufuneka kuqale kwixesha lokuzala kwenkomo, oko kukuthi, kwiintsuku ezili-15 phambi kokuba inkomo izale, de imveliso yobisi emva kokuba inkomo ifikelele kwincopho yokuncancisa.Xa utyiswa, ukutya okuqale kungatshintshwanga ngexesha lobisi olomileyo, ngokuthe ngcembe wandise umlinganiselo weconcentrate etyiswa yonke imihla de umlinganiselo weconcentrate feed ifike ku 1 ukuya kwi 1.5 kg ye concentrate nge 100 kg yobunzima bomzimba wenkomo yobisi..Emva kokuba iinkomo zizale, umlinganiselo wokuxheshiswa usanyuswa ngokomlinganiselo wokutya wemihla ngemihla oyi 0.45 kg ye concentrate, de iinkomo zifikelele kwixesha lokuncancisa.Emva kokuba ixesha lokuncancisa ligqithile, kuyafuneka ukuba kuhlengahlengiswe umlinganiselo wokuxheshiswa koxinaniso ngokokutya kwenkomo, ubunzima bomzimba kunye nokuveliswa kobisi, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe itshintshele kumgangatho wesiqhelo wokutyiswa.Xa usebenzisa indlela yokondla okukhokelwayo, nikela ingqalelo ukuba unganyusi ngokumfamekileyo inani lokutya okugxininisekileyo, kwaye ungakuhoyi ukondla i-forage.Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkomo zinefula eyaneleyo kwaye zibonelele namanzi awoneleyo okusela.

(3) Ukutshintshwa kwendlela yokuzala

Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiinkomo ezinomlinganiselo wokuvelisa ubisi.Ukuze wenze olu hlobo lweenkomo lungene kwincopho yokuncancisa kakuhle kwaye kwandiswe ukuveliswa kobisi ngexesha lokuncancisa, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela le ndlela.Indlela yokubuyisela isondlo kukutshintsha umlinganiselo wokutya okuhlukeneyo ekutyeni, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokwandisa ngokutshintshanayo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokutya okugxininisekile ukuvuselela umdla weenkomo zobisi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukutyiwa kweenkomo zobisi, ukwandisa ukutya. izinga lokuguqulwa kwesondlo, kunye nokwandisa imveliso yeenkomo zobisi.Umthamo wobisi.Indlela ethe ngqo kukutshintsha ukwakheka komxhesho rhoqo ngeveki enye, ikakhulu ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wokugxila kunye nefula kumxhesho, kodwa kuqinisekiswe ukuba inqanaba lilonke lezondlo zomxhesho lihlala lingatshintshi.Ngokutshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo iintlobo zokutya ngale ndlela, kungekhona nje ukuba iinkomo zikwazi ukugcina ukutya okunamandla, kodwa kunye neenkomo zinokufumana izondlo ezibanzi, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa impilo yeenkomo kunye nokwandisa imveliso yobisi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imveliso ephezulu, ukwandisa umthamo wokutya okugxininise ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuveliswa kobisi kwincopho yokuncancisa kulula ukubangela ukungalingani kwesondlo kumzimba wenkomo yobisi, kwaye kulula ukubangela isisu esininzi se-asidi kunye nokutshintsha ukubunjwa kobisi.Inokubangela ezinye izifo.Ngoko ke, amafutha erumen angongezwa ekutyeni kwenkomo zobisi ezivelisa imveliso ephezulu ukonyusa izinga lesondlo sokutya.Oku kuluncedo ekunyuseni ukuveliswa kobisi, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wobisi, ukukhuthaza i-estrus yasemva kokubeleka nokunyusa izinga lokumitha kweenkomo zobisi.Uncedo, kodwa ubeke ingqalelo ekulawuleni umthamo, kwaye uyigcine kwi-3% ukuya kwi-5%.

3. Ulawulo ngexesha lokuncancisa

Iinkomo zobisi zingena kwincopho yokuncancisa kwiintsuku ezingama-21 emva kokubeleka, nto leyo ehlala iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4.Imveliso yobisi iqala ukuhla.Ubungakanani bokuhla kufuneka balawulwe.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukujonga i-lactation yenkomo yobisi kwaye uhlalutye izizathu.Ukongeza kwisondlo esifanelekileyo, ulawulo lwezenzululwazi lukwabaluleke kakhulu.Ukongeza ekomelezeni ulawulo lokusingqongileyo mihla le, iinkomo zobisi kufuneka zigxile ekuncanciseni amabele azo ngexesha lokuncancisa ukuthintela ukuba iinkomo zingakhathazwa yimastitis.Nika ingqalelo kwizenzo zokusenga ezisemgangathweni, misela inani kunye nexesha lokusenga suku ngalunye, kunqande ukusenga rhabaxa, kwaye uphulule kwaye ufudumale amabele.Ubisi lwenkomo luphezulu ngexesha lokuncancisa.Eli nqanaba linokuba lifanelekile Ukunyusa amaxesha okusenga ukukhulula ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo lwamabele kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuncancisa.Kuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi omhle wokuhlola isifo sokukrala kwebele kwiinkomo zobisi, kwaye unyange ngokukhawuleza isifo sakuba sifunyenwe.Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa umthambo weenkomo.Ukuba umyinge wokuzilolonga awunelanga, awuyi kuchaphazela kuphela ukuveliswa kobisi, kodwa uchaphazela impilo yeenkomo, kwaye ube nefuthe elibi kwi-fecundity.Ngoko ke, iimazi kufuneka zibe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuzilolonga yonke imihla.Amanzi aneleyo okusela ngexesha lokuncancisa kweenkomo zobisi nako kubaluleke kakhulu.Kweli nqanaba, iinkomo zobisi zinemfuno enkulu yamanzi, kwaye kufuneka kunikwe amanzi awoneleyo okusela, ngakumbi emva kokusenga, iinkomo kufuneka zisele amanzi ngokukhawuleza.